Facial and Body Feminizing Surgery
It is an aesthetic surgical procedure to alter the facial and body proportions for a more feminine appearance. The types of surgery frequently performed include hair transplant, forehead augmentation, frontal bossing reduction, rhinoplasty, orthognathic surgery, and hip augmentation. Like other general plastic surgery procedures, it could be performed without a clearance from a psychiatrist.
Facial and Body Masculinizing Surgery
In general, transgender men who received testosterone therapy tend to develop male secondary sex characteristics, such as beard growth, hair follicle changes, or male-pattern alopecia. Consequently, facial and body masculinizing surgery is not usually required. Nonetheless, the procedures that can be done are rhinoplasty, jaw augmentation, thyroid cartilage augmentation, and pectoralis muscle augmentation. These surgical procedures fall in the domain of general plastic surgery and can be performed without the psychiatrists' clearance.
Refer: Gender Affirmation Surgery - The Thai Handbook of Transgender Healthcare Services, Center of Excellence in Transgender Health, Chulalongkorn University
Sources and further reading
Primary and authoritative sources used for context and fact-checking.
- Frequently asked questions on sexual and gender diversity, health and human rights World Health Organization (WHO)
- The Thai Handbook of Transgender Healthcare Services IHRI & Center of Excellence in Transgender Health, Chulalongkorn University
- Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8 World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH)
- Consolidated guidelines on HIV, viral hepatitis and STI for key populations (2022) World Health Organization (WHO)
- STI Treatment Guidelines: Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)